The Drone Revolution
Among the unmanned aircraft flying around, we are familiar with drones. We know how they are and a little of what they offer, especially models aimed at general consumers. However, there are several acronyms that involve drones and that can be quite confusing for anyone looking for information in this world.
Drones, UAS, UAV and RPAS
UAS is a three-part system: drone + control station + communication link An acronym that ends up being treated as a synonym for drone is UAS, which stands for Unmanned Aircraft System.
However, the UAS is literally a three-part system, one of which is the drone. The other two parts of this system would be the control station and the communication link between that station and the drone itself.
FPV drones, for example, well known to enthusiasts, are a subcategory of UAS systems. With them, we have the aircraft, the control station and the link between these two parts. What would be an "extra" is the first-person view that the pilot has through glasses or a monitor.
RPAS
RPAS, in turn, is really a synonym of UAS, preferable to be used internationally. Aviation agencies such as Eurocontrol, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the European Safety Agency (EASA) use the term RPAS instead of UAS.
UAV
Another confusion treated as a synonym is UAS and UAV. While UAS stands for Unmanned Aircraft System, UAV changes to Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. However, the UAV is, again, just part of the UAS system. According to the FAA, both the term UAV and just UA can refer to fixed-wing craft or multirotor aircraft that are part of an unmanned aircraft system. So UAV and UA are drones? If they fly remotely, yes.
Within a Uas system, the Uav is the Aeronavee itself.
A point that may improve understanding is that the abbreviation UAV is closely associated with military aircraft, but applies to a variety of other functions.
The Origin of Drones
An unmanned aerial vehicle ((UAV)) is a type of aircraft that can fly without a human pilot on board, being controlled remotely or autonomously through electronic and computer systems. UAVs are mainly used for military purposes such as aerial reconnaissance, close air support, air strike and electronic warfare. They can carry a variety of sensors, target designators and offensive weaponry such as rockets, missiles and bombs that can interfere with or destroy enemy targets.
UAVs emerged as an evolution of the target drones and remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs) that have been employed by various military forces since the end of World War II. Modern UAVs rose to prominence as an important weapons system in the early 1980s, when Israel developed small drones equipped with television and infrared cameras and target designators for laser-guided munitions.
These drones were capable of stealthily and effectively carrying out battlefield surveillance and targeting. Other countries, such as the United States, followed Israel's lead and purchased or produced their own UAV models. One of the best known is the MQ-1 Predator, which entered service in 1995 and has a length of 8 meters and a wingspan of 12.5 meters. The Predator is powered by a piston engine driving a propeller and can fly at 130 km/h for up to 24 hours. In addition to the television and infrared cameras, it has synthetic aperture radar and passive electronic sensors.
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